CHM 2045C Learning Tools

  Reaction Equations

Examine the reactants and predict the type of chemical reaction they are likely to undergo. You may wish to refer to the Reactions link for ideas. Then write balanced chemical equations for any reactions that are likely to take place. List the driving force and the reaction type for each reaction that takes place.

  1. Combining solid aluminum bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid
  2. Combining solid nickel and chlorine gas
  3. Combining aqueous sodium nitrate and aqueous hydrochloric acid
  4. Heating solid iron(III) sulfate hexahydrate
  5. Combining aqueous ammonium sulfide and aqueous aluminum chloride
  6. Butane gas (C4H10) is combined with oxygen gas and then exposed to a spark
  7. Gaseous dichlorine trioxide is dissolved in water
  8. Aqueous potassium phosphate is added slowly to aqueous calcium chloride
  9. Solid scandium is added to aqueous tin(II) chloride
  10. Solid zinc is added to aqueous manganese(III) nitrate
  11. Solid phosphorus (P4) is exposed to chlorine gas
  12. Solid potassium oxide is dissolved in water
  13. Hydrochloric acid is added to aqueous sodium acetate
  14. Solid sodium carbonate is heated

Answers
1. Combining solid aluminum bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid metal carbonate and acid

    Al(HCO3)3(s) + 3HCl(aq) ® AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l) + 3CO2(g)
    Driving force: Formation of water and gas
    Reaction type(s): Double replacement and decomposition; gas forming
     
     2.  Combining solid nickel and chlorine gas metal and nonmetal
    Ni(s) + Cl2(g) ® NiCl2(s)
    Driving force: Transfer of electrons from nickel to chlorine
    Reaction type: Synthesis; redox
     
      3. Combining aqueous sodium nitrate and aqueous hydrochloric acid salt and strong acid
    NaNO3(aq) + HCl(aq) ® NaCl(aq) + HNO3(aq) no reaction
    Driving force: None present (no solid, gas or weak acid formed, no transfer of electrons)
    Reaction type:  Double Replacement
     
    4.  Heating solid iron(III) sulfate hexahydrate ionic hydrate and heat
Fe2(SO4)3·6H2O(s) ® Fe2(SO4)3(s) + 6H2O(g)
Driving force: Formation of a gas
Reaction type: Decomposition
 
     5.  Combining aqueous ammonium sulfide and aqueous aluminum chloride 2 salts
    3(NH4)2S(aq) + 2AlCl3(aq) ® 6NH4Cl(aq) + Al2S3(s)
    Driving force: Formation of a solid
    Reaction type:  Double Replacement ; Precipitation
     
   6.  Butane gas (C4H10) is combined with oxygen gas and then exposed to a spark hydrocarbon and oxygen
    2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) ® 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(g)
    Driving force: Transfer of electrons to oxygen
    Reaction type:  Combustion; redox
    7.  Gaseous dichlorine trioxide is dissolved in water nonmetal oxide and water
    Cl2O3(g) + H2O(l) ® 2HClO2(aq)
    Driving force: Formation of covalent bond in the weak acid.
    Reaction type:  Synthesis
     
   8.  Aqueous potassium phosphate is added slowly to aqueous calcium chloride 2 salts
    2K3PO4(aq) + 3CaCl2(aq) ® Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6KCl(aq)
    Driving force: Formation of a solid
    Reaction type:  Double Replacement ; Precipitation
     
   9.  Solid scandium is added to aqueous tin(II) chloride metal + salt; check Activity Series!
    2Sc(s) + 3SnCl2(aq) ® 2ScCl3(aq) + 3Sn(s) (Sc only forms +3 ions)
    Driving force: Transfer of electrons
    Reaction type:  Single Replacement; redox
     
    10. Solid zinc is added to aqueous manganese(III) nitrate metal + salt; check Activity Series!
    3Zn(s) + 2Mn(NO3)3 ® 2Mn(s) + 3Zn(NO3)2(aq) no reaction since Zn is below Mn on Activity Series
    Driving force: None present since Zn cannot donate electrons to Mn (it is a weaker reducing agent than Mn)
    Reaction type:  Single Replacement
     
    11.  Solid phosphorus (P4) is exposed to chlorine gas nonmetal and nonmetal
    P4(s) + 6Cl2(g) ® 4PCl3(s) or P4(s) + 10Cl2(g) ® 4PCl5(s) P can have oxidation numbers +3 or +5
    Driving force: Transfer of electrons from phosphorus to chlorine
    Reaction type: Synthesis; redox
     
    12.  Solid potassium oxide is dissolved in water metal oxide and water
    K2O(s) + H2O(l) ® 2KOH(aq)
    Driving force: Formation of covalent bond in the hydroxide
    Reaction type:  Synthesis
     
    13. Hydrochloric acid is added to aqueous sodium acetate strong acid and salt
    HCl(aq) + NaCH3CO2(aq) ® NaCl(aq) + CH3CO2H(aq)
    Driving force: Formation of a weak acid
    Reaction type: Double replacement
     
    14.  Solid sodium carbonate is heated metal carbonate + heat
    Na2CO3(s) + heat ® Na2O(s) + CO2(g)
    Driving force: Formation of a gas
    Reaction type: Decomposition
Last modified February 10,2000                Top        For more information, contact:  ksanchez@fccj.org